What is HPV?
Genital Papilloma infection is a sexually transmitted infection (IPP).The causal agent of papillomavirus infection are human papillomavirus (HPV).Human papillomavirus are a virus group, which includes approximately 100 different types.More than 30 types of HPV are transmitted sexually, the genitals and the anus of women and men are infected.
Most infected people do not know about their illness, have no clinical manifestations and can also recover spontaneously.
Some of these viruses are called "carcinogenic high risk viruses" can cause precancerous genital lesions.Recent studies have confirmed the main role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.HPV high risk also plays a role in the appearance of vulva cancer, vagina in women and penile cancer in men.High risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 types: These types of HPV are responsible for 95-98% of cases of cervical cancer.It causes an increase in abnormal cells, which is generally flat and almost invisible during the usual examination compared to benign warts, which are caused by low -risk viruses: types of 6, 11. Benign anusogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after infection.In the development of precancer or cancer changes associated with the high -risk transport of HPV, the years go for years and, often, there is a spontaneous cure for HPV.
The infection is more common from 15 to 40 years and affects the same women and men.At 50 years of life, about 80 percent of women will acquire HPV infection.
About 50-75% of sexually active people are infected with HPV during their lives, and in most cases the infection does not cause a disease and is spontaneously heals.
Approximately 90% of HIV infected people also have HPV infection.
How is the VPV transmitted?
Human papillomas infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse.Most infected do not have visible manifestations of the disease and, therefore, HPV bearers do not know about their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn during childbirth.This can lead to papillomatosis of the SO of the larynx of the newborns.
Manifestations of infection
Most infected people do not know.HPV often does not cause any manifestation in the skin and mucous membranes.Part of people develop sexual warts or precancerous changes in the cervix, vulva, anal or penis region.Very rarely, these changes go directly to cancer.From infection to the development of severe dysplasia, on average, 20 years pass.Most women cure spontaneously for 9 to 15 months from the moment of infection.The main manifestation of papilloma infection are sexual warts or pointed condylomas (VPV 6 and 11 are caused): Soft wart formations in a short and thin leg, which resemble color cabbage or a crest of the rooster with a different location (penile head, penis, lips, vagina, neck, the uterus, the uterus, the ion area).Acute condylomas appear 2 to 6 months after infection.Visible condylomas are detected during the exam.
Infection diagnosis
The diagnosis of Condil is carried out on the basis of the inspection.Diagnosis of the Risk of Camphogen of VPV and related changes, a more difficult task.The diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the cervix at the base of many was based on a cytological analysis of the smear (study of a rubcHigh risk of HPV.
PCR research on HPV at high risk is recommended:
- - As a main method, in addition to cytology for women for 30 years.
- - Solve the doubtful results of cytological research.
- - Patients undergoing dysplasia or cancer treatment.
- - In the first diagnostic stage for countries where papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - For the examination of men.
Is it possible to cure this disease?
The diagnosis and treatment of STIs must be carried out in the conditions of a specialized clinic, an ECV, which has all the necessary means for a rapid and precise diagnosis.
There is no specific medicine against HPV today.There are many methods of elimination of Condil, but the disease can return again, since the virus remains in the human body.Relapses are possible in 25% of cases for 3 months after treatment.In the treatment of the Condil, an exam of sexual couples is necessary.However, the vast majority of sexual couples are infected with HPV and simply have no visible manifestations of the disease.
The treatment of precancerous diseases is the use of chemical, physical and other methods, to change the structure of the affected areas of mucous membranes, as well as the use of medications that stimulate immunity.In the future, the PCR is necessary an annual cytological study and the determination of HPV.
What is the connection between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only facts:
- High -risk papillomavirus are the main cause of cervical cancer.
- In cases of severe dysplasia (precacence) and cervical cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- HPV identification is associated with an increase of 250 times in the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer occupies the first place among the causes of female mortality in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer occupies second place after breast cancer among women in the world of 250 thousand deaths annually.
- In Russia, 12,300 women obtain cervical cancer and more than 6 thousand patients die annually.
- In the last 10 years, the average age of patients has decreased from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under 29, the incidence has increased 2 times.
- The high risk of HPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases, anus cancer is 90%, vaginal and vulva cancer - 40%, penile cancer - 40% and oropharynx cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Cancer Society was predicted for 2004, which in approximately 10,520 women will develop aggressive cervical cancer and approximately 3,900 women will die from this disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer did not go through the right exam for HPV infection.
Infection prevention
The safest way to prevent HPV sexual infection is to refrain from any sexual contact with another individual.
Long -term sexual relations with a permanent sexual couple do not offer a 100% guarantee of HPV infection.It is difficult to determine without special evidence, if a sexual couple is currently infected.
Male latex condoms, with proper use, reduce the risk of infection.
Any manifestation, such as pain or unpleasant sensations when urinating, an unusual eruption, the high is a sign to stop sexual contacts and an immediate examination in a specialized clinic.If the STIs have found the patient, they must inform their sexual partners to also undergo a complete exam and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of reinfection.